ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of AgNPs-tragacanth Conjugated Gel as a Novel Green Membrane in Electro-membrane Extraction: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Assay in Human Plasma Samples
AgNPs-Tragacanth conjugate gel as an eco friendly and low cost membrane was applied for the effective electromembrane extraction (EME) of Tenofovir disproxil fumarate, an important acidic and high polar (log p=1.25) antiviral drug, followed by HPLC-UV determination. The effect of various parameters on the extraction efficiency including the presence of AgNPs, tragacanth gum concentration, gel thickness, pH values of the donor and acceptor phases, applied voltage, extraction time and agitation rate were investigated and optimized. The best extraction efficiency was obtained with: 2.5% w/v of tragacanth gum, 4.0 mm gel thickness, donor phase pH = 7.0, acceptor phase pH = 8.0, applied voltage: 30 V, extraction time: 15 min and agitation rate: 500 rpm. During method validation under the optimized conditions good linearity dynamic range (LDR) between 10-750 ngmL-1 with coefficient of determination (R2) =0.999 was obtained. Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantitation (LOQ) were estimated to be 5.55 ng mL-1 and 10 ng mL-1, respectively. According to the validation results, the RSD values for intra and inter-day precisions were in the range of 0.53 to 10.04% and the relative error (RE %) ranged between -2.31 to 8.20% Finally the applicability of this method in real samples was confirmed by an acceptable performance in extraction and determination of TDF in human plasma samples.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_107259_28c2d246d80c8a29e7516f07e3c20cd1.pdf
2020-10-01
415
429
10.22036/abcr.2020.210593.1439
Electro-membrane extraction
AgNPs-Tragacanth
Green method
Tenofovir disproxil fumarate
HPLC-UV
Salahaddin
Hajizadeh
salahaddin.hajizadeh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Khalil
Farhadi
khalil.farhadi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lighter than Water Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Cholecalciferol and Calcifediol from Plasma
In this study, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method using an extraction solvent lighter than water has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of cholecalciferol and calcifediol from plasma samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography determination. Initially, acetonitrile and sodium chloride (NaCl) are added into the plasma as an extraction solvent and a salting–out agent, respectively. After manual shaking, the mixture is centrifuged. In the presence of sodium chloride, a two–phase system is formed. Then a portion of the upper phase is removed and mixed with n–hexane at µL–level and rapidly injected into distilled water by a syringe. In this process, the analytes are extracted into the fine droplets of n–hexane (as an extraction solvent). Under optimal conditions, enrichment factor was obtained 92 and 94 for calcifediol and cholecalciferol, respectively. The intra– (n=6) and inter–day (n=4) precisions were less than or equal to 8.1% at a concentration of 10 ng mL–1 of each analyte. Finally, this method was applied to the analysis of the analytes in human plasma samples.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_107260_4ea9c8a86645154b4cd7a802587a0d48.pdf
2020-10-01
431
444
10.22036/abcr.2020.208813.1431
Cholecalciferol
Calcifediol
High performance liquid chromatography
Human plasma
Azar
Pazhohan
azarpaghohan@gmail.com
1
Infertility center of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Afshar Mogaddam
mr.afsharmogaddam@yahoo.com
2
Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Fardin
Amidi
amidifardin@yahoo.com
3
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sajjad
Jafarzadeh
sajjadjafarzadeh.acecr@gmail.com
4
Infertility center of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mir Ali
Farajzadeh
mafarajzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir
5
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
One New Azo-azomethine Derivative for Detection of Ca2+ and Cd2+ Metal Ions: Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Studies
One new azo Schiff-base derivative: 4-bromo-1,2-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(phenylazo)benzylideneamino]benzene (H2L) was synthesized and characterized by common spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The ability of the new chemosensor for detection of some main and transition metal ions was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy in the mixture of DMSO: water (9:1). Upon addition of Ca2+ and Cd2+ ions, dramatic changes were observed in the UV-Vis spectrum of ligand (one new absorbance band appeared in the range of 430- 450 nm, while the absorbance band at 351 nm disappeared). The stoichiometry of the complexes was determined using the Job method. The binding constants of Ca2+ and Cd2+ with receptor by Benesi-Hildebrand plots were found to be 2.874×104 M-1 and 6.445×104 M-1, respectively. The results indicated the receptor can recognize Ca2+ and Cd2+ ions from other cations in aqueous solution. Finally, the structure and electronic properties of the ligand and its complexes with Ca2+ and Cd2+ ions were analyzed by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_107804_2487ce948c2ed8da224c2e6c219a0261.pdf
2020-10-01
445
460
10.22036/abcr.2020.206462.1420
Azo-azomethine ligand
UV-Vis spectroscopy
Chemosensor
DFT calculations
Zohreh
Shaghaghi
shaghaghi@azaruniv.ac.ir
1
Coordination Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P. O. Box: 83714-161, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mina
Kheyrollahpoor
kheyrollahpoormina@yahoo.com
2
Coordination Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P. O. Box: 83714-161, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polymer Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a Sensitive Sensor for the Electrochemical Determination of Riboflavin and Its Application in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples
Poly (threonine) modified carbon paste electrode (PTMCPE) can be used as a responsive and selective electrocatalytic sensor for the estimation of riboflavin (RF) by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed electrode creates a catalytic enhancement in redox behavior of RF when equated with bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE). Under optimized conditions, RF quantification at modified electrode has shown a detection limit of 1.78×10-7 M in the linear range of 0.2-1 µM and 1-5 µM. Simultaneous analysis of RF with folic acid (FA) and ascorbic acid (AA) shows well-separated peaks leading to a quick and selective analysis of RF. The fabricated sensor can be successfully applied to RF analysis in human blood serum and B- complex tablet with acceptable results. Simultaneous analysis of RF with folic acid (FA) and ascorbic acid (AA) shows well-separated peaks leading to a quick and selective analysis of RF. The fabricated sensor can be successfully applied to RF analysis in human blood serum and B- complex tablet with acceptable results.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_108072_6071cd996a9c85553f0cfb653baf3c65.pdf
2020-10-01
461
472
10.22036/abcr.2020.214882.1445
Riboflavin
Electrochemical sensor
Carbon paste electrode
Poly (threonine)
Ascorbic acid
Folic acid
Edwin S D’
Souza
manju185333@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, FMKMC College, Madikeri, Mangalore University Constitue
AUTHOR
J.G.
Manjunatha
manju1853@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, FMKMC College, Madikeri, Mangalore University Constitue
LEAD_AUTHOR
C.
Raril
drjgmanju1853@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, FMKMC College, Madikeri, Mangalore University Constitue
AUTHOR
Girish
Tigari
manju1hfh853@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemistry, FMKMC College, Madikeri, Mangalore University Constitue
AUTHOR
P. A.
Pushpanjali
drjgmanvvju1853@gmail.com
5
Department of Chemistry, FMKMC College, Madikeri, Mangalore University Constitue
AUTHOR
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simple On-Line Preconcentration Spectrophotometry for Detecting Lead Contamination from Drinking Water Coolers and Glazed Bowl Samples
Lead is known as a toxic metal for human health and used in many industries. For instance, it is frequently used as a material for plumbing systems in drinking water cooler. Another typical materials containing lead is glaze which is a thin layer of liquid put on a piece of bowl or some ceremicware. Determination of lead amount leached from these samples is necessary and this could raise awareness of lead toxicity to consumers. Simple on-line spectrophotometric system for the determination of lead at trace level with on-line preconcentration step using Amberlite IR-120 as a sorbent packed in a minicolumn was developed. It is based on lead-4-(2-Pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) complex formation to be detected spectrophotometrically at 519 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of 70-1000 µg l-1 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9998 was obtained. The limit of detection, LOD (based on 3Sx/y/m) of 55 µg l-1 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) within 5% (at 70 and 500 µg l-1, n=10) were achieved. The enrichment factor of 47 was provided (at 4 min loading time). The column can be reused up to 84 cycles. The proposed method was successfully applied for detecting lead contamination in drinking water samples discharged from water coolers and leachates from glazed bowls with satisfactory recoveries within the range of 90-107%.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_108126_a7dce8fa98cc58dfb4ef60fb6ffc4ac0.pdf
2020-10-01
473
482
10.22036/abcr.2020.218937.1458
Lead
Spectrophotometry
On-line preconcentration
Glaze
Drinking water cooler
Supunnee
Duangthong
supunnee.d@psu.ac.th
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ruttikan
Kamhang
ruttikan.k@psu.ac.th
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
AUTHOR
Puchong
Wararatananuruk
puchong.w@hotmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
AUTHOR
Pipat
Chooto
pipat.c@hotmail.com
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
AUTHOR
Weena
Tapachai
weena.a@psu.ac.th
5
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University
AUTHOR
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Validation of a Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Determination of Thiram and Thiophanate Methyl Fungicides in Environmental Samples
The intensive use of thiram and thiophanate methyl fungicides in agriculture leaves residues on crops and contaminates groundwater and surface water bodies through leaching. For the purpose of monitoring pollution arising out their use a spectrofluorimetric method has been validated for screening these fungicides in environmental samples viz. water, soil and foodstuffs. The measurement of fluorescence intensity of cerium(III) species at 365 nm resulting from ceric ammonium nitrate oxidation of dimethyl dithiocarbamate and o-phenylene bis-thiourea (products of the reaction of thiram and thiophanate methyl respectively with potassium tert.-butoxide) formed the basis of the method. As little as 0.18 and 0.22 µg mL-1 of thiram and thiophanate methyl can be determined. A simple and rapid solid-phase extraction and purification procedure prior to the spectrofluorimetric determination shows high recoveries of these fungicides from spiked water and grain samples in the range 86.00-98.00% and 88.50-97.50% with a maximum RSD of 2.60 % indicates good accuracy and precision of the method. Their risk of contamination of water bodies as groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) has also been evaluated based on their adsorption study on four soils and values in the range -0.48 to 0.98 classify them as non-leacher fungicides.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_108239_588cae6e731562a1793c3a80367cc73d.pdf
2020-10-01
483
495
10.22036/abcr.2020.203999.1405
Validation of a Spectrofluorimetric Method
Devender
Sharma
dksharma_dk@rediffmail.com
1
Department of chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, Himachal Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Kushal
Singh
ks.channoria@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, Himachal Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Pushap
Raj
pushap.hp@gmail.com
3
Department of chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, Himachal Pradesh, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, X. Sun, W. Pan, G. Yu, J. Wang, Sens. Actuators B 273 (2018) 1833.
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bismuth Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Tannic Acid
As a promising alternative for the mercury film electrode (MFE), the bismuth film electrode (BiFE) has been widely used in the field of electrochemical analysis. BiFE shows attractive properties and excellent performance such as environmentally friendliness, high sensitivity, easy preparation, well-defined signals and negligible effect to dissolved oxygen. According to recent experimental reports many electrochemical analysis have been studied with the use of BiFEs. Toxic heavy metal ions, pharmaceutical substances, pesticides and other biological molecules and products are determined with the BiFE. The voltammetric behavior of tannic acid (TA) at bismuth film modified glassy carbon electrode (Bi-GCE) has been studied by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Bismuth film was deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by single potential step chronoamperometric deposition at -450 mV for 120 s. TA shows a well-defined cathodic peak on the modified electrode at around -0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl in Briton Robinson (BR) buffer solution of pH 3.6 at Bi-GCE. The effect of deposition time, deposition potential, bath concentration and pH of supporting electrolyte on the reduction current of TA were optimized. Under optimum conditions TA shows a linear range between 0.05 μM to 200 μM and the limit of detection (LoD) was found to be 0.035 μΜ. The developed method was used for determination of TA in tea samples.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_108240_16493301c1c76082194f5cb09ed29301.pdf
2020-10-01
497
508
10.22036/abcr.2020.218658.1455
Tannic Acid
Bismuth film
glassy carbon electrode
Linear sweep voltammetry
Melaku
Ademe
melakuademe1@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Shimeles
Kitte
shimeles.addisu1@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Getu
Sisay
gsisay051@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Abebe
Diro
todirabe@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Magnetic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Polythiophene as a Sorbent for Simultaneous Solid Phase Microextraction of Lead and Cadmium from Water and Food Samples
Polythiophene (PT) coated magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) as a magnetic sorbent was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and VSM. The sorbent was applied for simultaneous solid-phase microextraction of trace amounts of lead and cadmium ions from various matrices. The retained analytes were eluted using nitric acid solution (0.5 mol L-1) and quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The main factors affecting the extraction of lead and cadmium such as pH, type and concentration of eluent, amount of the sorbent, ionic strength and sample volume were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits (based on 3Sb/m) of 0.54 and 0.03 µg L-1 and the enhancement factors of 197.6 and 195.5 were obtained for lead and cadmium, respectively. The relative standard deviations of 1.5% (n = 6) at 50.0 µg L-1 of lead and 2.1% at 5.0 µg L-1 of cadmium were achieved. The method was found to be effective, selective, rapid, and simple for the determination of trace amounts of lead and cadmium and was successfully applied to the determination of lead and cadmium in water, black tea, rice, and milk samples without evident interference from the complex matrix. Furthermore, the sorbent showed high capacity, and the precision and accuracy of the method were satisfactory. The validity of the method was examined through the recovery experiments and independent analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_108345_b1b4d85a5090b4daf7aee1a67826d65b.pdf
2020-10-01
509
523
10.22036/abcr.2020.221731.1465
Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Lead and cadmium
Magnetic solid-phase microextraction
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Polythiophene
Zahra
Dehghani
z.firouzabadi91@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran. Department of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Shayessteh
Dadfarnia
sdadfarnia@yazd.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Mohammad
Haji Shabani
hshabani@yazd.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hasan
Ehrampoush
ehrampoush@ssu.ac.ir
4
Department of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Quantification of Crystal Violet and Malachite Green in Aqueous Samples: Combination of Multivariate Calibration Method and Solid Phase Extraction Based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) Grafted Chitosan Nano-composite
A simple solid phase extraction (SPE) based on sodium dodecyl sulfate grafted chitosan nanocomposite was developed for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) content water samples. For the data analysis of the overlapped spectra of two dyes, the partial least square regression (PLS) has been utilized. The new synthesized sorbent was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed the SDS was successfully cross-linked with the chitosan. Various parameters affecting simultaneous extraction of analytes, such as pH of sample solution, sample flow rate and the volume and flow rate of eluent were optimized by central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). Figures of merit consist of sensitivity, analytical sensitivity, limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.1879 ng/ml, 595.4409, 0.0632 and 0.1895 ng/ml and 0.1895 for CV and 0.0464, 595.4409, 0.1246 and 0.3738 ng/ml for MG, respectively. The correlation coefficient of 0.9990 and 0.9991 were achieved for CV and MG, respectively. Net analyte signal (NAS) was proposed to estimate the preconcentration factor for the analytes in mixtures.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_110904_eb359f8b38a029d094b5d862ae87f6d6.pdf
2020-10-01
525
539
10.22036/abcr.2020.210567.1447
Partial Least Square
Experimental Design
Solid phase extraction
Crystal violet
Malachite Green
Farideh
Bataghva
fbataghva@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
S. Maryam
Sajjadi
sajjadi@semnan.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahram
Daraei
bdaraei@sbmu.ac.ir
3
Department of Toxicology Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrochemical Oxidation, Biological Evaluation, and Bioinformatics Approach for the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Melissa officinalis L.
In this work, the electrochemical study of the ethanolic leaf extract of Melissa officinalis L. as herbal medicine was conducted. The antioxidant activity of the plant was evaluated using the cyclic voltammetry technique. The results showed that this extract was oxidized at low potentials compared with quercetin, salicylic acid and gallic acid as standard synthetic antioxidants. Also it concluded that the increase in the antioxidant activity cause a decrease in EpA and an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring. The DPPH assay (free radical scavenging activity) was applied in order to estimate antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of rosmarinic acid (as the main natural compound in this herb) against Cytochrome P450 3A4 (4D75), Myeloperoxidase (1DNW), and Thyosine (PBD ID: 3nm8) (reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating enzymes) has been investigated through molecular docking studies. The interaction of rosmarinic acid with Thyosine exhibited the most inhibitory effect with -10.5 kj/mol binding affinity value. The results indicated that the rosmarinic acid bound exclusively to the binding sites of the ROS generating enzymes and had a significant role in counteracting the destructive effects of oxidative stress in the biological system. Finally, the electrochemical oxidation of the ethanolic leaf extract of Melissa officinalis L., has been studied in the presence of captopril by cyclic voltammetry method in the biological pH range. The results showed that the electrochemically generated compounds from this herb participated in the chemical reaction with captopril and reduced the concentration of the active form of this drug.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_110906_a92b3edc75d4cb268e115cede11a64d9.pdf
2020-10-01
541
551
10.22036/abcr.2020.218716.1454
Antioxidant activity
ROS generating enzymes
Captopril overdose
Melissa officinalis L
Ameneh
Amani
amani.iran@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Nahavand, Nahavand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahtab
Salehi
mhtb.salehi@gmail.com
2
Department of Medicinal Plants Production, University of Nahavand, Nahavand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Jamshidi
dehnavi.m293@gmail.com
3
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
AUTHOR
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