Determination of Selenium in Black Tea Leaves Using the Air-assisted Cloud Point Extraction Method: Evaluation of the Method's Environmental Performance

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, Al-Najaf Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, Iraq

2 Department of Chemistry, Al-Rsaffa Al-Ulla Directorate, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq

3 Department of Chemistry, Al-Qadisiyah Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, Iraq

4 Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq

Abstract

For the first time, air-assisted cloud point extraction (AA-CPE) procedure was applied to determine selenium in black tea samples at room temperature. The Air agitation is powered by a small fish tank generator to improve the dispersion phase and reduce the critical temperature for surfactants. The ligand and surfactant were 1-(2-hydroxy-5-ptolylazo-phenyl)-ethan-one (HPAPEO) and TritonX-100, respectively. Afterwards, the extracted selenium complexes were injected into a hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometer (HG-AAS). At the optimal conditions of experimentation, a linearity from 0.3 to 1000 µg L-1 was constructed with an enhancement factor, preconcentration factor, detection limit, and extraction recovery of 150, 100, 0.02 µg L-1, and 99.1–102%, respectively. The AA-CPE technique's accuracy has been proven using certified reference materials. Ultimately, the Red-Green-Blue (RGB12), Analytical Greenness Metric Approach (AGREE), and Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) scales have been applied to assess the whiteness and greenness of this method. An accurate evaluation of the criteria has been performed to ensure this procedure is eco-friendly for the environment.

Keywords

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research
Volume 11, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 11-22

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